D-dimer is a protein fragment formed by the breakdown of fibrin in the body. It is a marker for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and can also be positive in patients with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolisms. Recently, D-dimer has been used as a predictor for the severity and mortality of Covid-19, due to …
Lamotrigine (LAMICTAL, 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine) is an anti-convulsant drug approved for use in the treatment of epilepsy and is often prescribed as monotherapy or as one component of a multiple anti-epileptic drug therapy. Although the mechanism of action for lamotrigine is not entirely understood, research has shown that lamotrigine selectively binds and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, …
Lyme disease is most common vector-borne disease in the United States. It is caused by the bacterium Borrelia Burgdorferi, a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium belonging to the class Spirochaetes. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. Lyme disease is diagnosed based on symptoms, physical finding (e.g. rash), and the possibility …
Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is synthesized from cholesterol. It is synthesized in the Zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex. Cortisol has many functions in the human body, such as mediating the stress response, regulating metabolism, the inflammatory response, and immune function. Blood levels of cortisol vary throughout the day, but generally are higher …
The Calcium Assay is an in vitro test used for the quantitative determination of calcium in human serum, plasma, and urine. Calcium holds vital roles in muscle contraction, hormone secretion, glycogen metabolism, bone mineralization, nerve impulse transmission, and blood coagulation. Detection of abnormal blood calcium levels may assist in the diagnosis of variety of issues …
The Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase assay is an in vitro test used for the quantitative determination of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase in human serum and plasma. The enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is integral to normal thyroid function as it allows for thyroid hormone synthesis. However, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (aTPO) may be produced by the immune system in …
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